Kana green tea iri mufananidzo mumiriri weEast Asian zvinwiwa, saka tii nhema yakapararira pasirese.Kubva kuChina kuenda kuSoutheast Asia, North America, uye Africa, tii nhema inogona kazhinji kuonekwa.Tii iyi, yakazvarwa netsaona, yave chinwiwa chepasi rose nekuzivikanwa kweruzivo rwetii.
Kubudirira kwakakundikana
Mukupera kwaMing uye kutanga kweQing Dynasties, uto rakapfuura nemuTongmu Village, Wuyi, Fujian, ndokutora fekitori yetii.Mauto akanga asina pokurara, saka akarara pamhene pamashizha etii akanga akatutirana pasi mufekitari yetii.Aya “matii epasi” anoomeswa uye anobikwa uye anotengeswa nemitengo yakaderera.Mashizha etii anobudisa kunhuhwirira kwakasimba kwepine.
Vanhu veko vanoziva kuti iyi igreen tea yatadza kugadzira, hapana anoda kuitenga nekunwa.Vanogona kunge vasina kufungidzira kuti mukati memakore mashoma, iyi tii yakakundikana yaizove yakakurumbira pasi rose uye ikava imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvekutengeserana kwekunze kweQing Dynasty.Inonzi black tea.
Mazhinji eEuropean teas atinoona iye zvino akavakirwa patii nhema, asi chaizvoizvo, senyika yekutanga kutengesa tii neChina pamwero mukuru, maBritish akapindawo nenzira yakareba yekugamuchira tii yakasviba.Apo tii yakaunzwa kuEurope kuburikidza neDutch East India Company, maBritish akanga asina kodzero yekutonga muSoutheast Asia, saka vaifanira kutenga tii kubva kuDutch.Iri shizha risinganzwisisike kubva kuMabvazuva rave humbozha hunokosha zvakanyanya mukutsanangurwa kwevafambi vekuEurope.Inogona kurapa zvirwere, kunonoka kuchembera, uye panguva imwechete inofananidzira budiriro, kutandara uye kuvhenekerwa.Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yekudyara nekugadzira yetii yave ichionekwa sechakavanzika chepamusoro-soro chenyika neveChinese dynasties.Mukuwedzera pakuwana tei yakagadzirwa kubva kune vatengesi, veEurope vane ruzivo rwakafanana nezvetii mbishi zvinhu, nzvimbo dzekudyara, mhando, nezvimwe. Handizivi.Tii yakatorwa kubva kuChina yaive shoma.Muzana remakore rechi16 ne17, maPutukezi akasarudza kuunza tii kubva kuJapan.Zvisinei, zvichitevera nhimbe yokuparadza yaToyotomi Hideyoshi, nhamba huru yevaKristu vokuEurope yakapondwa muJapan, uye kutengeswa kwetii kwakapotsa kwavhiringidzwa.
Muna 1650, mutengo we 1 pound yeti muEngland yaive inenge 6-10 pounds, yakashandurwa kuva mutengo wanhasi, yakanga yakaenzana ne 500-850 pounds, kureva kuti, chai yakachipa muBritain panguva iyoyo inogona kutengeswa. iyo yakaenzana ne4,000 yuan nhasi / katsi mutengo.Izvi zvakare mhedzisiro yekudonha kwemitengo yetii sezvo huwandu hwekutengesa hunowedzera.Yakanga isati yasvika 1689 iyo British East India Kambani yakabata zviri pamutemo hurumende yeQing uye yakaunza tii yakawanda kubva kumatanho epamutemo, uye mutengo weti yeBritish wakadzika pasi pe1 pondo.Nekudaro, yetii inotengeswa kubva kuChina, maBritish agara achivhiringidzika nezvemhando dzemhando, uye anogara achifunga kuti mhando yeChinese tii haina kugadzikana.
Muna 1717, Thomas Twinings (muvambi wemazuva ano TWININGS brand) akavhura imba yekutanga yetii muLondon.Bhizinesi rake remashiripiti chombo kuunza mhando dzakasiyana dzetii dzakasanganiswa.Kana chiri chikonzero chekugadzira tei dzakasanganiswa, imhaka yekuti kuravira kwetii dzakasiyana kunosiyana zvakanyanya.Muzukuru waTWININGS akambotsanangura nzira yasekuru vake, “Kana ukatora mabhokisi makumi maviri etii woravira tii zvakanaka, anoona kuti bhokisi rimwe nerimwe rine manakiro akasiyana: mamwe akasimba uye anoomesa, mamwe akareruka uye haana kudzika… Nekusanganisa. uye kuenzanisa tii kubva kumabhokisi akasiyana, tinogona kuwana musanganiswa unonaka kupfuura chero bhokisi rimwechete.Uyezve, iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekuve nechokwadi chekuenderana. "Vafambisi vezvikepe veBritish panguva imwechete vakanyorawo mune yavo ruzivo vanonyora kuti vanofanirwa kungwarira pakubata nevemabhizinesi vekuChina.Mamwe ma teas akasviba muruvara, uye anogona kuona nekutarisa kuti haasi akanaka tii.Asi muchokwadi, rudzi urwu rwetii runogona kunyanya dema tii inogadzirwa muChina.
Kwakanga kusati kuri kutozosvikira gare gare apo vanhu vokuBritain vakaziva kuti tii nhema yakanga yakasiyana netii yegirinhi, iyo yakamutsa kufarira kunwa tii nhema.Pashure pokunge adzoka kubva kurwendo rwokuChina, mufundisi weBritain John Overton akazivisa kuBritain kuti kune marudzi matatu etii muChina: tii yeWuyi, songluo tii uye tii yekeke, pakati payo tii yeWuyi inoremekedzwa seyokutanga namaChina.”Kubva pane izvi, maBritish akatanga Yakabata maitiro ekunwa yepamusoro-mhando Wuyi nhema tii.
Nekudaro, nekuda kwehurumende yeQing yakavanzika yeruzivo rwetii, vanhu vazhinji vekuBritain vaisaziva kuti mutsauko pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzetii wakakonzerwa nekugadziriswa, uye nekukanganisa vakatenda kuti kune yakaparadzana girinhi miti yetii, nhema miti yetii, zvichingodaro. .
Black tea processing uye tsika dzomunharaunda
Mukuita kwekugadzira tii dema, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha zvinongedzo zviri kuoma uye kuvirisa.Chinangwa chekusvava ndechekubvisa hunyoro huri mumashizha etii.Pane nzira nhatu huru: kusvava kwezuva, kuoma kwemukati kwemukati uye kupisa kusvava.Mazuva ano kugadzirwa kwetii nhema kunonyanya kuenderana nenzira yekupedzisira.Iyo yekuvirisa maitiro ndeyekumanikidza kunze theaflavins, thearubigins uye zvimwe zvikamu zviri mumashizha etii, ndosaka tii nhema ichizoonekwa yakasviba tsvuku.Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa zvetii, vanhu vaigamura tii nhema mumhando nhatu, dzinoti Souchong dema tii, Gongfu nhema tii uye tsvuku yakapwanyika tii.Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vanhu vazhinji vachanyora Gongfu Black Tea se "Kung Fu Black Tea".Muchokwadi, zvirevo zvezviviri hazvienderane, uye mataurirwo e "Kung Fu" uye "Kung Fu" kumaodzanyemba Hokkien dialect zvakare akasiyana.Nzira chaiyo yekunyora inofanira kunge iri "Gongfu Black Tea".
Confucian dema tii uye dema rakaputsika tii zvakajairika kutengeswa kunze kwenyika, uye iyo yekupedzisira inonyanya kushandiswa mumabhegi etii.Seyakawanda tii yekutengesa kunze kwenyika, tii nhema yakakanganisa kwete United Kingdom chete muzana ramakore re19.Sezvo Yongzheng akasaina chibvumirano neTsarist Russia mugore rechishanu, China yakatanga kutengeserana neRussia, uye tii nhema yakaunzwa kuRussia.Kune maRussia anogara munzvimbo inotonhora, tii nhema inwiwa yekudziya yekudziya.Kusiyana British, vokuRussia vanoda kunwa simba tii, uye vachawedzera jamu, ndimu zvimedu, bhurandi kana ramu kuti hombe doses dema tii kuti aenderane Chingwa, scones uye zvimwe tudyo anogona anenge kushanda sekudya.
Nzira iyo maFrench anonwa nayo tii nhema yakafanana neyeku UK.Vanoisa pfungwa papfungwa yokutandara.Vachawedzera mukaka, shuga kana mazai kune dema tii, kubata tii mapato kumba, uye kugadzirira yakabikwa dessert.MaIndia anoda kunwa kapu yemukaka tii yakagadzirwa neblack tii mushure mekudya.Nzira yekugadzira nayo yakasiyana zvikuru.Isa tii nhema, mukaka, clove, uye cardamom pamwe chete mupoto kuti ubike, wobva wadurura zvinogadzirwa kugadzira iyi tii.Chinwiwa chinonzi "Masala Tea".
Mutambo wakakodzera pakati peblack tii uye akasiyana mbizha zvinhu zvinoita kuti ive yakakurumbira pasirese.Muzana ramakore re19, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekupihwa kwetii nhema, maBritish akakurudzira makoroni kurima tii, uye akatanga kusimudzira tsika yekunwa tii kune mamwe matunhu pamwe nekumhanyisa kwegoridhe.Pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, Australia neNew Zealand dzakava nyika dzine hukuru hukuru hwekunwa tii pamunhu.Panyaya yekudyara nzvimbo, kunze kwekukurudzira India neCeylon kukwikwidzana mukudyara tii dema, maBritish akavhurawo minda yetii munyika dzeAfrica, iyo inonyanya kumiririra iKenya.Mushure memakore zana ebudiriro, Kenya nhasi yave yechitatu pakukura mugadziri wetii nhema munyika.Nekudaro, nekuda kweivhu shoma uye mamiriro ekunze, mhando yeKenya nhema tii haina kunaka.Kunyangwe iyo yakabuda yakakura, yakawanda yacho inogona kungoshandiswa kumabhegi etii.raw material.
Nekuwedzera kuri kuita kwekudyara tii nhema, nzira yekutanga yavo brand yave nyaya kune vatema vatengesi vetii kufunga zvakaoma.Mune izvi, muhwina wegore pasina mubvunzo aive Lipton.Zvinonzi Lipton munhu anopenga anotora nhumbu yekusimudzira tii maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva.Pane imwe nguva ngarava inotakura zvinhu yakanga iri Lipton yakaparara, uye kaputeni akaudza vafambi kuti vakande zvimwe zvinhu mugungwa.Lipton akabva aratidza kuda kwake kurasa tea yake yese yeblack.Asati arasa mabhokisi etii nhema, akanyora zita rekambani yeLipton pabhokisi rega rega.Aya mabhokisi akakandwa mugungwa akayangarara achienda kuArabia Peninsula achitevedza mafungu egungwa, uye maArabu akaanhonga pamhenderekedzo yegungwa akabva atanga kuda chinwiwa mushure mekuchibika.Lipton akapinda mumusika weArabia aine dzinenge zero investment.Tichifunga kuti Lipton pachake ishasha yekudada pamwe neshasha yekushambadzira, chokwadi chenyaya yaakataura hachisati charatidzwa.Nekudaro, kukwikwidza kunotyisa uye kukwikwidza kweblack tii munyika kunogona kuonekwa kubva pane izvi.
Main species
Keemun Kungfu, Lapsang Souchong, Jinjunmei, Yunnan Ancient Tree Black Tea
Souchong black tea
Souchong zvinoreva kuti nhamba ishoma, uye yakasarudzika maitiro ndeyekupfuudza hari tsvuku.Kuburikidza nenzira iyi, kuviriswa kwemashizha etii kunomiswa, kuitira kuchengetedza kunhuhwirira kwemashizha eti.Kuita uku kunoda kuti kana tembiricha yehari yesimbi ichisvika pazvinodiwa, fambisa-fry mupoto nemaoko maviri.Nguva yacho inofanira kudzorwa zvakanaka.Kurebesa kana kupfupika zvakanyanya kuchakanganisa kunaka kwetii.
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Gongfu black tea
Chikamu chikuru cheChinese dema tii.Chekutanga, iyo yemvura yemashizha etii inoderedzwa kusvika pasi pe60% nekusvava, uyezve matatu maitiro ekukungurutsa, kuvirisa, uye kuomesa anoitwa.Munguva yekuvirisa, imba yekuvirisa inofanirwa kuchengetwa isina kujeka uye tembiricha yakakodzera, uye pakupedzisira mhando yemashizha etii inosarudzwa kuburikidza nekunatswa kugadzirisa.
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CTC
Kukanya nekucheka kunotsiva kukanya mukugadzirwa kwemhando mbiri dzekutanga dzetii nhema.Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemanyorero, mechanical, kukanya uye kucheka nzira, kunaka uye kutaridzika kwezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa zvakasiyana chaizvo.Tsvuku yakapwanyika tii inowanzo shandiswa seyakabikwa yemabhegi etii uye tii yemukaka.
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Jin Junmei
● Mavambo: Wuyi Mountain, Fujian
● Soup color: golden yellow
● Kunhuhwirira: Kurukwa kwakasanganiswa
Iyo tii nyowani, iyo yakasikwa muna 2005, ndeye yakakwira-giredhi dema tii uye inoda kugadzirwa kubva kune buds yealpine tii miti.Kune akawanda ekutevedzera, uye yechokwadi yakaoma tii yero, dema, uye goridhe ine-mavara matatu, asi kwete kana imwe yegoridhe ruvara.
Lapsang Souchong
● Mavambo: Wuyi Mountain, Fujian
● Soup color: red brilliant
● Kunhuhwirira: Pine kunhuhwirira
Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwehuni hwepaini hunogadzirwa munharaunda kusvuta nekugocha, Lapsang Souchong ichange iine rosin yakasarudzika kana longan inonhuwira.Kazhinji bubble rekutanga kunhuhwirira kwePine, uye mushure memafuro maviri kana matatu, kunhuwirira kwenguva refu kunotanga kubuda.
Tanyang Kungfu
● Kwakabva: Fu'an, Fujian
● Soup color: red brilliant
● Kunhuhwirira: Kwakanaka
Chigadzirwa chakakosha kunze kwenyika panguva yeQing Dynasty, yakambove iyo yakasarudzika tii yemhuri yehumambo hweBritain, uye yakagadzira mamirioni ematarenda esirivha mumari yekunze yekuchinja kweQing Dynasty gore rega rega.Asi ine mukurumbira wakaderera muChina, uye yakatochinja kuita green tea muma1970s.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-10-2023